Operating System Installation and Configuration =============================================== Base Operating System Installation ---------------------------------- Perform a minimal OS installation of a recent RHEL6 or derivative Linux distribution, using your preferred installation method (manual install, Kickstart, etc). The details of how to perform this task are out of the scope of this document. The system should have IP connectivity, using a fixed IP address and a resolvable fully qualified domain name. For performing the installation, the system needs to be able to establish outgoing TCP connections (mainly to download additional components). Additionally, a local or remote MTA (e.g. Postfix or Sendmail) needs to be installed and configured so the system is capable of sending email. Boot up the system and log in as the root user. Enable Time Synchronization With NTP ------------------------------------ We strongly advise that the clocks of all servers in a TeamDrive installation are synchronized using the Network Time Protocol (NTP). This can be achieved by installing the ntp package and enabling the NTP daemon:: [root@regserver install]# yum install ntp [root@regserver install]# service ntpd start [root@regserver install]# chkconfig ntpd on Edit and update the configuration file ``/etc/ntp.conf``, if necessary for your local environment. Disable SELinux --------------- The TeamDrive Registration Server currently can not be run when SELinux is enabled. Edit the file ``/etc/selinux/config`` and set ``SELINUX=disabled``. Reboot the system or change the SELinux enforcing mode at run time using the following command:: [root@regserver install]# echo 0 > /selinux/enforce Firewall Configuration ---------------------- You should configure a local firewall so the server is protected against remote attacks. The only TCP ports that must be reacheable from the Internet are 80 (http) and 443 (https). Optionally, port 22 (SSH) can be opened to facilitate remote administration, but access to this port should be restricted to known and trusted IP addresses or networks only. On a minimal installation, you can install and use the text-based firewall configuration utility to enable access to the following services: - SSH - Secure WWW (HTTPS) - WWW (HTTP) To configure the firewall, you need to run the following commands:: [root@regserver install]# yum install system-config-firewall-tui \ newt-python [root@regserver install]# system-config-firewall-tui Follow the instructions to configure the firewall. Enable additional protections based on your local requirements or security policies. You can check the result with ``iptables -L``:: [root@regserver ~]# iptables -L Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere state RELATED,ESTABLISHED ACCEPT icmp -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT all -- anywhere anywhere ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:ssh ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:http ACCEPT tcp -- anywhere anywhere state NEW tcp dpt:https REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination REJECT all -- anywhere anywhere reject-with icmp-host-prohibited Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Installing MySQL Server ----------------------- The TeamDrive Registration Server requires a MySQL database to store its information. This document assumes that the MySQL instance runs on the same host as the Registration Server itself, connecting to it via the local socket file. Alternatively, it's possible to use an external MySQL Server. In this case, you need to make sure that this external MySQL instance is reachable via TCP from the Registration Server (usually via TCP port 3306) and that the ``teamdrive`` MySQL user account is defined correctly (e.g. the MySQL username in the remote database would become ``teamdrive@regserver.yourdomain.com`` instead of ``teamdrive@localhost``). Most MySQL installations usually do not allow the ``root`` user to log in from a remote host. In this case the installation script is unable to create the dedicated ``teamdrive`` user automatically and you need to perform this step manually before performing the installation of the TeamDrive Registration Server databases. Especially the correct definition of the host part is critical, as MySQL considers ``username@hostserver`` and ``username@hostserver.yourdomain.com`` as two different user accounts. To set up the Registration Server using a local MySQL Database, install the MySQL Client and Server packages:: [root@hostserver ~]# yum install mysql mysql-server For reliablility and performance reasons, we recommend placing the MySQL data directory ``/var/lib/mysql`` on a dedicated file system or storage volume. Please start the MySQL server, run the secure installation script and follow the recommendations. Make sure to create a password for the MySQL ``root`` user and take note of it:: [root@regserver ~ ]# service mysqld start Initializing MySQL database: Installing MySQL system tables... OK Filling help tables... OK To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands: /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h regserver.yourdomain.com password 'new-password' Alternatively you can run: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation which will also give you the option of removing the test databases and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended for production servers. See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe & You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script! [ OK ] Starting mysqld: [ OK ] [root@regserver ~ ]# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] ... Success! By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] - Dropping test database... ... Success! - Removing privileges on test database... ... Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MySQL! MySQL is now up and running so you can proceed with creating the ``teamdrive`` user and the MySQL databases required for the TeamDrive Host Server. Apache / PHP Setup and Configuration ------------------------------------ The TeamDrive Clients use the HTTP protocol to communicate with the Registration Server's Apache instance and the Admin Console is based on the PHP scripting language. Install the Apache http Server by running the following command:: [root@regserver ~]# yum install httpd mod_ssl The Apache webserver needs to be changed to run as httpd.worker and not as httpd.prefork. To change this, you need to uncomment the ``HTTPD`` variable on top of ``/etc/sysconfig/httpd``. You will see the line:: #HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker Please change it to:: HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker Change the worker-specific configuration options in ``/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf`` as follows:: StartServers 4 MaxClients 300 MinSpareThreads 75 MaxSpareThreads 75 ThreadsPerChild 25 MaxRequestsPerChild 0 For security reasons, we also advise to disable the so-called "Server Signature" - a feature that adds a line containing the server version and virtual host name to server-generated pages (e.g. internal error documents, FTP directory listings, etc):: ServerSignature Off By default, the server version and operating system is also displayed in the ``Server`` response header field, e.g. ``Server: Apache/2.2.15 (CentOS)``. To suppress this output, we suggest to update the ``ServerTokens`` option as follows:: ServerTokens Prod The TeamDrive Registration Server only requires a few Apache modules to be enabled. To reduce the memory footprint, please deactivate unnecessary modules in the apache configuration. Only the following modules should be enabled in ``/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf``:: LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so LoadModule actions_module modules/mod_actions.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so Comment out the following variables in ``/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf`` to avoid syntax errors caused by the disabled modules:: # LanguagePriority en ca cs da de el eo es et fr he hr it ja ko ltz nl nn no pl pt pt-BR ru sv zh-CN zh-TW # ForceLanguagePriority Prefer Fallback # BrowserMatch "Mozilla/2" nokeepalive # BrowserMatch "MSIE 4\.0b2;" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 # BrowserMatch "RealPlayer 4\.0" force-response-1.0 # BrowserMatch "Java/1\.0" force-response-1.0 # BrowserMatch "JDK/1\.0" force-response-1.0 # BrowserMatch "Microsoft Data Access Internet Publishing Provider" redirect-carefully # BrowserMatch "^WebDrive" redirect-carefully # BrowserMatch "^WebDAVFS/1.[0123]" redirect-carefully # BrowserMatch "^gnome-vfs/1.0" redirect-carefully # BrowserMatch "^XML Spy" redirect-carefully # BrowserMatch "^Dreamweaver-WebDAV-SCM1" redirect-carefully In a production setting we also advise to disable the access log, because all clients will poll the same URL and it doesn't make sense to log each request. To facilitate this, comment out the following line in the default ``httpd.conf``:: # CustomLog logs/access_log combined Because the Apache http Server has been configured to use the threaded "worker" multi-processing module (MPM), we can not use the embedded PHP Apache module ``mod_php.so``. Therefore we need to set up a FastCGI configuration, where PHP is running in its own memory space. Unfortunately, the required FastCGI Apache module ``mod_fastcgi`` is not included in RHEL6 and derivative distributions and needs to be installed from a third-party package repository:: [root@regserver ~]# yum install \ http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm [root@regserver ~]# yum install mod_fastcgi The Registration Server's Admin Console requires PHP and the PEAR framework to enable a few additional PHP packages which are not available in RPM format. Please use the following commands to install these components:: [root@regserver ~]# yum install php-pear php-mysql php-fpm [root@regserver ~]# pear install HTTP_Request2 DB MDB2 \ MDB2_Driver_mysql Log HTTP Auth You can use ``pear list`` to get a list of installed PHP packages. Finally, we need to change a few PHP-related configuration options. Please edit the ``/etc/php.ini`` file and change the following values:: expose_php = Off max_execution_time 900 max_input_time 900 post_max_size 55M upload_max_filesize 50M Now, configure the ``mod_fastcgi`` Apache module by making the following modifications to the ``/etc/httpd/conf.d/fastcgi.conf`` configuration file. Change the following configuration option:: FastCgiWrapper On to:: FastCgiWrapper Off Finally, add the following section to the end of the file:: AddHandler php5-fcgi .php Action php5-fcgi /php5-fcgi Alias /php5-fcgi /var/www/cgi-bin/php5-fcgi FastCgiExternalServer /var/www/cgi-bin/php5-fcgi -socket \ /var/run/php5-fpm.sock -pass-header Authorization That will make it possible for Apache to pass PHP code back to PHP-FPM and get the response once the code has been executed. The PHP-FPM listens on a TCP port by default. In order to reserve TCP ports for Apache, change the PHP-FPM configuration to listen on a socket instead. Edit ``/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf`` and change change this line:: listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 as follows:: listen = /var/run/php5-fpm.sock Now create the following directory for storing the PHP session data:: [root@regserver ~]# install -d -o apache -g apache /var/lib/php/session .. warning:: Please do not start the Apache http Server until you have concluded the Registration Server configuration as outlined in chapter :ref:`regserverconfig`!